General Information:
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosis in males and the fifth most significant cause of death globally. Early-stage prostate cancer frequently has no symptoms and progresses slowly, so vigilant surveillance may be all that is needed. 1.276.106 new instances of prostate cancer were recorded globally in 2018, according to GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, with industrialized nations having a greater prevalence. The usage of diagnostic testing varies around the globe, as seen by the variations in incidence rates. Men over 65 are most likely to get prostate cancer; fatality rates are also significantly correlated with age.
In comparison to White men, African-American men have the highest incidence rates and the most severe form of prostate cancer. Although there is currently no known way to prevent prostate cancer, the risk can be decreased by consuming fewer high-fat meals, more fruits and vegetables, and engaging in more physical activity. For men with family history and men of African American descent, screening at age 45 is strongly advised. For the primary prevention of this illness, up-to-date data on prostate cancer incidence and mortality as well as a deeper comprehension of the aetiology and causative risk factors are crucial.
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer is a kind of cancer that develops in the prostate. In males, the prostate is a tiny walnut-shaped gland that generates seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
One of the most common types of cancer is prostate cancer. Many prostate cancers develop slowly and are restricted to the prostate gland, where they may not cause significant damage. While some forms of prostate cancer develop slowly and may require little or no therapy, others are aggressive and spread fast.
Prostate cancer that is identified early, while it is still localized to the prostate gland, has the highest chance of being treated successfully.
- Trouble urinating
- Decreased force in the stream of urine
- Blood in the urine
- Blood in the semen
- Bone pain
- Losing weight without trying
- Erectile dysfunction
What causes Prostate Cancer?
- Older age: As you become older, your chances of getting prostate cancer rise. It's more frequent after the age of 50.
- Race: In comparison to White men, African-American black men have the highest incidence rates and the most severe form of prostate cancer.
- Family history: Your risk may be raised if a blood-related, such as a parent, sibling, or child, has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. In addition, your chance of developing prostate cancer may be increased if you carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene or have a significant family history of breast cancer.
- Obesity: Obese persons may have a greater risk of prostate cancer than people who are regarded to be at a healthy weight, while studies have yielded conflicting results. Obese persons are more likely to have severe cancer that returns after initial therapy.
- Spreading (metastasizing) cancer: Prostate cancer can spread to neighboring organs, such as your bladder, or move to your bones or other organs via your bloodstream or lymphatic system. Pain and shattered bones can result from prostate cancer that has spread to the bones. Prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body may still react to therapy and be managed, but it is unlikely to be cured.
- Incontinence: Urinary incontinence can be caused by both prostate cancer and its therapy. Treatment for incontinence is determined by the kind, severity, and possibility of improvement over time. Medication, catheters, and surgery are all possible treatment options.
- Irregular erection: Prostate cancer and its therapies, such as surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy, can also cause erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction can be treated with medications, erection-aid vacuum devices, and surgery.
Prevention:
- Pick a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables: A variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains should be consumed. Numerous vitamins and elements found in fruits and vegetables can benefit your health. It has not yet been proven beyond a reasonable doubt that nutrition helps prevent prostate cancer. However, eating a balanced diet that includes a wide range of fruits and vegetables might enhance your general health
- Select nutritious foods over supplements: There is no evidence that supplements can lower your chance of developing prostate cancer. Instead, choose meals high in vitamins and minerals to keep your body's vitamin levels at healthy levels.
- Try to work out most days of the week: Exercise enhances your general health, supports weight maintenance, and elevates your mood. On most days of the week, try to exercise. Start out slowly if you've never exercised before, then gradually increase your daily exercise time.
- Be sure to keep a healthy weight: Choosing a nutritious diet and working out most days of the week will help you maintain your present weight if it is healthy. Increase your physical activity while lowering your daily calorie intake if you need to lose weight. Speak with your doctor about developing a strategy for healthy weight loss.
- The increased risk of prostate cancer should be discussed with your doctor: You and your doctor may discuss using drugs or other therapies to lower your risk if you have a very high risk of prostate cancer. Taking 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride (Propecia, Proscar), dutasteride (Avodart), and others, may lower your overall chance of getting prostate cancer, according to some research. Hair loss and enlargement of the prostate gland are treated with these medications. The chance of developing a more dangerous form of prostate cancer (high-grade prostate cancer) may, however, be raised for those who use these drugs, according to some data. Consult your doctor if you have any concerns about your chance of acquiring prostate cancer.